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Tuesday, February 26, 2013

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS & CSR CODES OF CONDUCT: OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL

Sustainable Development in Emerging Markets & CSR Codes of Conduct: Oil and Gas Industry in Brazil

Ligia Maura Costa
FGV-EAESP



Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, pp. 44-66, December 2012

Abstract:
This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility codes of conduct (CSR Codes) of the oil and gas industry operating in Brazil with the provisions em­bodied in the international legal framework system, such as the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the Fundamental Conventions of the International Labour Organization. For comparative purposes, and given the usual structure that CSR Codes tend to follow, the analysis has been devel­oped around the three most emphasized issues – namely, labor and human rights, environment and socio-economic issues – which in turn have been divided into common subcategories of CSR Codes. One can argue that if CSR Codes are actually based on the new international sustainable development law, which may be used to verify CSR Codes’ compliance and enforcement, CSR Codes can be seen as a «global commons» understanding framework to improve sustainable development operations in emerging markets such as Brazil.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 23


Keywords: CSR, Oil and Gas Industry, Sustainable Development Law, Human Rights, Environment, Socio-Economic Issues

Accepted Paper Series: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2206548



Saturday, February 23, 2013

O Papel dos Fóruns Internacionais no Progresso do Direito Internacional do Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Ligia Maura Costa

Resumo

Este artigo examina o papel das instâncias internacionais para o desenvolvimento de um novo ramo do direito, o direito internacional do desenvolvimento sustentável. Verifica-se, assim, que os fóruns internacionais auxiliaram no crescimento e na expansão do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável a nível global, ao oferecerem um espaço de discussão aos Estados e aos atores não estatais. Desta forma, os desafios inerentes à noção de sustentabilidade global e aos fundamentos jurídicos dela decorrentes puderam ser examinados e discutidos sob a óptica das diferentes perspectivas que englobam o direito internacional do desenvolvimento sustentável, a saber, direitos humanos, aspectos ambientais e trabalhistas e aspectos sócio-econômicos. Apesar do papel relevante dos fóruns internacionais, o futuro do direito internacional do desenvolvimento sustentável depende, ainda, da interação de seus principais instrumentos jurídicos – tratados, convenções, protocolos, guias, manuais e padrões – com os sistemas jurídicos domésticos.

Abstract

This paper intends to verify the role of international forums in the development of a new branch of international law, the international law for sustainable development. It appears that international forums helped to growth and to expand the concept of sustainable development through the creation of a space for discussion to States and non-governmental actors. Thus, the challenges related to the notion of sustainability at the global level and the legal foundations of this notion have been examined and discussed under different angles that form part of the international law of sustainable development, such as human rights and labour, environmental issues and socio-economic issues. Despite the important role of international forums, the future of the international law for sustainable development still relies on the interaction of its main legal documents – such as treaties, conventions, protocols, guides, manuals and standards – with the domestic legal system.
 
Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento Sustentável, OMC, ONU
Key-Words: Sustainable Development, WTO, UN

 

In: Ciências Sociais Aplicadas em Revista, v. 11, n. 20, 1º semestre ∕ 2011. Disponível em: http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/csaemrevista/article/view/7596

 

NEGOCIAÇÃO DISTRIBUTIRA OU GANHA-PERDE: PONTOS POSITIVOS E NEGATIVOS


Negociação Distributiva ou Ganha-Perde:Pontos Positivos e Negativos



 Duas crianças brigavam por um pedaço de bolo de chocolate. Elas se recusavam a dividir o bolo com receio de que no final teriam duas fatias diferentes e uma delas ficaria com o pedaço maior. Elas decidem então que uma delas cortaria o pedaço do bolo de chocolate, da forma que julgasse mais conveniente, e a outra criança escolheria qual dos dois pedaços a ela caberia. Uma divide e a outra escolhe. À primeira vista, o resultado parece um resultado justo. Este é um exemplo típico de negociação distributiva ou negociação ganha-perde. Numa negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde, no final sempre haverá um vencedor e um vencido, ou pelo menos, um vencedor em parte e um vencido em parte. Apenas uma das crianças é que poderá de fato “vencer” e levar o pedaço maior. Diante disso, o ponto central de qualquer negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde está na reivindicação do valor maior. Reivindicar valor é o elemento principal da negociação distributiva ou posicional. Nem poderia ser diferente. A negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde é um mero processo adversarial, puro e simples.

Os principais elementos da negociação distributiva ou posicional são examinados através do exemplo a seguir. Um brasileiro negocia com um marroquino a compra de um tapete berbere. O vendedor estabelece o preço de $100, que é bem maior do que efetivamente vale o tapete. Essa é a oferta inicial da negociação. Já o comprador, como contra-oferta, oferece o preço de $50. Comprador e vendedor fazem concessões tendo por base o preço inicial e a contra-oferta. O resultado é um acordo que deve ser melhor do que o valor de $50 proposto pelo vendedor e não distante do valor de $100. Em resumo:

(i) Um lance ou um valor inicial e uma contra-oferta, que na maior parte das vezes serve como âncora da negociação;

(ii) As partes têm um piso mínimo e uma faixa de acordo na qual são feitas concessões por ambas, na zona de possíveis acordos, no caso entre $ 50 e $ 100 (Zone Of Possible Agreements – ZOPA);

(iii) Apenas os números colocados na mesa da negociação (as posições das partes) é que são levados em consideração na negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde. Neste caso, os números irão variar entre os valores de $ 50 e $ 100;

(iv) O resultado é um eventual acordo que não necessariamente representará o melhor acordo possível para as partes.

 Na negociação posicional ou ganha-perde o “bolo” negocial é visto como fixo e, por isso, as partes entendem que o único “trabalho” negocial está em dividir este “bolo” fixo, do modo mais “justo” possível, como no caso das crianças com a fatia do bolo de chocolate. A justiça neste caso está focada na zona de um possível acordo para ambas as partes (ZOPA). Isto porque as partes não tentam descobrir quais são os reais interesses das partes na negociação, interesses esses que estão por trás dos números colocados na mesa da negociação, do conhecido “bolo” fixo negocial.

A maior parte das pessoas numa negociação imagina que o preço é o elemento mais relevante. E focam apenas nos números. O valor da negociação é relevante; não é, contudo, o fator mais importante para o sucesso da negociação. O verdadeiro impasse na negociação não está no preço pedido pelo vendedor nem no oferecido pelo comprador, mas sim nos interesses das partes que estão por trás dos números colocados na mesa de negociação. O impasse não está no montante que o vendedor quer pedir pelo tapete berbere, nem no valor que o comprador quer pagar. Mas sim, nas motivações que levaram às partes na determinação dos respectivos valores e nos outros elementos que podem estar em voga na composição do valor proposto na negociação.

Apesar dos limites da negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde, esta forma de negociar é utilizada em larga escala e existe desde que o mundo é mundo. Porém, há outra forma de negociar, a negociação cooperativa ou ganha-ganha, que traz mais benefícios às partes ao ampliar o bolo negocial, buscando os interesses e outros elementos que são desconsiderados na negociação distributiva ou ganha-perde.

Boa Negociação !

Ligia Maura Costa. Sócia Ligia Maura Costa, Advogada, Professora Titular FGV-EAESP. Autora do livro: Negociação. Como Negociam Brasileiros e Franceses? (2008). São Paulo: Quartier Latin.



  

Wednesday, February 6, 2013

NEGOCIAÇÃO: O ESPÍRITO NEGOCIAL DOS BRASILEIROS


Negociação: O Espírito Negocial dos Brasileiros



 A negociação é um dos meios de resolução de conflitos mais importantes nos dias de hoje. Sua importância foi examinada inúmeras vezes. Não é de causar surpresa que a negociação, meio de resolução de conflitos por excelência, venha respondendo de modo adequado às necessidades dos negócios no mundo moderno. Negociação é um processo pelo qual duas ou mais partes solucionam diferenças ou conflitos através de discussões que levam a um acordo, mutuamente ajustado pelas partes envolvidas.

Em geral, o espírito negocial brasileiro permite “regatear”. Por essa razão, o processo negocial se inicia com um preço alto, na maior parte das vezes distante do que realmente se deseja. Para os brasileiros, o que é realmente importante é o contato pessoal, porque a base da negociação é a pessoa do negociador e não a organização da qual ela faz parte. O “chefe”, no Brasil, é o responsável pelas negociações, em particular as internacionais, e as decisões são tomadas por ele.

Na visão dos brasileiros, o contrato jurídico resultante das negociações é definitivo, até o momento em que tenha que ser alterado. Para usar uma expressão popular é “eterno enquanto dure”. Para os brasileiros, as promessas ou os acordos verbais existem para não serem cumpridos ou para serem cumpridos, apenas ocasionalmente. Os brasileiros podem se comprometer e, muitas vezes o fazem, com o que não podem efetivamente cumprir. É mais importante um acordo do que a possibilidade de uma excelente demanda no judiciário, pelo menos numa visão brasileira. Os brasileiros pensam em negócios de curto prazo e eles não se preocupam com o fato de o acordo não perdurar no tempo. A estratégia de uma empresa brasileira é mais de curto prazo, com claros reflexos nas suas negociações, sejam elas domésticas ou internacionais.


Ligia Maura Costa. Sócia Ligia Maura Costa, Advogada. Professora Titular na FGV-EAESP. Autora do livro: Negociação. Como Negociam Brasileiros e Franceses. (2008). São Paulo: Quartier Latin.





Labour Law Framework: An International Comparison

XIME, Bangalore

 
Abstract

As labor laws pervade virtually every aspect of business practice anywhere in the world and managers regularly confront employment law questions, this paper intends to provide an analysis of the most relevant aspects of Brazilian labour law. The literature examining Brazilian labour law is as rich and thoughtful as it is expansive. However, most of this writing is also exceedingly legalistic and complex to those without legal training or expertise. The goal of this paper is to demystify Brazilian labour legislation, and explain how it influences the way of doing business in the country. From an economic, political and historical perspective, Brazilian labour legislation impacts wages, employment, domestic consumption and economic growth, among others. Labour legislation also affects labor market outcomes and business operations as part of the “Custo Brasil” – Brazilian cost (the high cost of doing business in Brazil). This paper concludes that regulatory changes have to be made in the near future; otherwise labour law in Brazil will become ineffective and may affect sustainable economic growth.

Ligia Maura Costa. Partner at Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, full professor at FGV-EAESP. Author of the book: BRIC. Doing Business in BRIC Countries. Legal Aspects. (2012). v. 1, São Paulo: Quartier Latin.

 

 

Friday, January 25, 2013


Desenvolvimento Sustentável e o Setor do Gás e Petróleo: Análise dos Códigos de Conduta de Responsabilidade Social das Empresas Eni, Exxon-Mobil, Petrobras e Total

 
Resumo
Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise comparativa dos códigos de conduta de responsabilidade social (Códigos de CRS) do setor do gás e petróleo de quatro grandes empresas deste setor com as disposições constante no sistema jurídico internacional, tal como a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos da ONU (DUDH) e as Convenções Fundamentais da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). Para esta análise comparativa, três temas enfatizados nos Códigos de CRS são examinados – a saber, direitos humanos e trabalhistas, direito ambiental e aspectos sócio-econômicos. Se os Códigos de CRS estão em conformidade com o sistema jurídico internacional, se pode argumentar que os Códigos de CRS podem aprimorar o desenvolvimento sustentável nas operações do setor de gás e petróleo.

Abstract
This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility codes of conduct (CSR Codes) of the oil and gas industry through the study of four major oil and gas companies with the provisions embodied in the international legal framework system, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Fundamental Conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO). For comparative purposes, the analysis has been developed around the three most emphasized issues of CSR Codes – namely, labor and human rights, environment and socio-economic issues. If CSR Codes do comply with the international legal framework, one can argue that CSR Codes can improve sustainable development operations in the oil and gas industry.

Palavras-Chave: CRS, Gás e Petróleo, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Meio Ambiente, Direitos Humanos
Key Words: CSR, Oil and Gas, Sustainable Development, Environment, Human Rights

 Desenvolvimento Sustentável e o Setor do Gás e Petróleo: Análise dos Códigos de Conduta de Responsabilidade Social das Empresas Eni, Exxon-Mobil, Petrobras e Total. In: Convibra Administração.

 
 

Ligia Maura Costa. Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, professora titular da FGV-EAESP. Autora do livro: Direito Internacional do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e os Códigos de Conduta de Responsabilidade Social. Análise do Setor do Gás e Petróleo (2009). Curitiba: Juruá.

Thursday, January 24, 2013

TV Record 


Entrevista sobre o caso da adolescente brasileira que foi apreendida nos EUA ao desembarcar em Miami pelas autoridades americanas em novembro de 2012. A decisão sobre o caso desta adolescente deve acontecer na semana que vem. O juiz norte-americano decidirá se ela pode ficar nos EUA ou se deve retornar ao Brasil. Visto não é garantia de entrada em nenhum país, é apenas uma expectativa de direito, que pode ser questionada.








Sunday, January 20, 2013

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS & CSR CODES OF CONDUCT: OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL


Sustainable Development in Emerging Markets & CSR Codes of Conduct: Oil and Gas Industry in Brazil


Abstract: This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility codes of conduct (CSR Codes) of the oil and gas industry operating in Brazil with the provisions em­bodied in the international legal framework system, such as the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the Fundamental Conventions of the International Labour Organization. For comparative purposes, and given the usual structure that CSR Codes tend to follow, the analysis has been devel­oped around the three most emphasized issues – namely, labor and human rights, environment and socio-economic issues – which in turn have been divided into common subcategories of CSR Codes. One can argue that if CSR Codes are actually based on the new international sustainable development law, which may be used to verify CSR Codes’ compliance and enforcement, CSR Codes can be seen as a «global commons» understanding framework to improve sustainable development operations in emerging markets such as Brazil.

Keywords: CSR; Oil and Gas Industry; Sustainable Development Law, Human Rights, Environment, Socio-Economic Issues

Sustainable Development in Emerging Markets & CSR Codes of Conduct: Oil and Gas Industry in Brazil. In: Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management - Special Issue, December 2012, pp 44 – 66; available at http://www.joscm.com.br/download/JOSCM_SPECIAL_ISSUE_4.pdf.




Ligia Maura Costa. Partner at Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, full professor at FGV-EAESP and associated professor at Sciences Po. Paris.


Tuesday, October 30, 2012

INDIA: WHAT INVESTORS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT?

Since 1990s, India initiated economic and financial reforms aimed to integrate the economy at the global level. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is as an important driver of economic growth and development for the country. Therefore, the Government has been making serious efforts to attract and facilitate FDI. As a result, India has changed from a very restrictive regime for FDI to a more liberal one.

Foreign investment in India is regulated by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and its amendments/changes, order/allied rules, Press Notes, etc. The Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP) makes policy pronouncements on FDI throughout Press Notes / Press Releases which are notified by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). All Press Notes/ Press Releases are available at the website of DIPP. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) is also responsible for regulating foreign investment in accordance with the industrial policy.

Indian legislation establishes two kinds of foreign investment: (i) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and (ii) Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI). A foreign investor may invest in India as a FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) or as a Foreign Venture Capital Investor (FVCI). Last but not least, Indian legal framework provides two different routes for FDI, as follows: AutomaticRoute and Government Route. Under the Automatic Route no prior approval is required. On the contrary, prior approval is needed from FIPB for the Government Route. Sectors where approval from the FIPB is required include defense related matters, air transport services, ground handling services, asset reconstruction companies, banking, broadcasting, commodity exchanges, credit information companies, insurance, print media, telecommunications and satellites. Besides that, FIPB’s approval is necessary for all kind of FDI in these sectors where: an Indian company is being established with foreign investment and is owned by a nonresident entity; or, an Indian company is being established with foreign investment and is controlled by a nonresident entity; or, the control of an existing Indian company will be/is being transferred/passed on to a non-resident entity; or, the ownership of an existing Indian company will be/is being transferred/passed on to a non-resident.

India prohibits FDI in the following activities: Retail Trading (except single brand product retailing); Lottery Business including Government /private lottery, online lotteries, etc.; Gambling and Betting including casinos etc.; Business of chit fund; Nidhi company; Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs); Real Estate Business or Construction of Farm Houses; Manufacturing of Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes, of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes; Activities / sectors not opened to private sector investment including Atomic Energy and Railway Transport (other than Mass Rapid Transport Systems)

FDI in a wide range of sectors does not require any prior approval (Automatic Route), provided the level of foreign investment does not exceed specified percentages. If FDI proposed investment exceeds the maximum limit amount under the Automatic Route, the approval of the FIPB is required. For instance, approval of the FIPB is required for investments over 49 per cent in telecommunications or investments over 26 per cent in insurance sector or foreign investment in information technology and manufacturing over 100 per cent.

Figure 1: Some sectors and percentage Cap

Sectors
Cap
Airports
          Existing
74%
Alcohol distillation and brewing
100%
Banking (Private Sector)
74%
Coal and Lignite mining (specified)
100%
Coffee, Rubber processing and warehousing
100%
Floriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry
100%
Specified Hazardous chemicals
100%
Industrial Explosives Manufacturing
100%
Insurance
26%
Mining (Precious metals, Diamonds and stones)
100%
Non banking finance companies ( conditional)
100%
Petroleum and Natural gas
          Refining (private companies)
100%

Foreign capital is freely repatriated, except for FDI under non-repatriate schemes or FDI subject to certain policies related to the sector or activity. Remittance of profits abroad is possible, after accomplishment of certain formalities. It is important to note that profits retained for more than one year are considered re-invested and their remittance further requires special approval.

The legal framework for FDI in India is under development. As FDI is an important driver of economic growth, the Indian Government has been making important regulatory changes to attract FDI. The Indian process of economic liberalization, including privatization of state-owned companies and dismantling the licence raj policy among others, has allowed India to progressively change from a very restrictive regime for FDI – licence raj – to a more liberal one. Nevertheless, some FDI issues still remain to be addressed by the country in order to achieve more sustainable economic growth based on foreign investments.

Ligia Maura Costa. Partner at Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, full professor at FGV-EAESP. Author of the book: BRIC. Doing Business in BRIC Countries. Legal Aspects. (2012). v. 1, São Paulo: Quartier Latin.

Monday, September 24, 2012

RUSSIA: CHALLENGES AND ADVANTAGES FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT


 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Russian Federation has increased over the last years thanks to its tremendous natural resources, growing domestic market and skilled work force. Besides that, Russia’s new status as WTO member also helped to attract more foreign investments. Global demand restrains, commodities prices decrease, inflation, lack of major infrastructure investments are the key factors that may affect FDI in Russia in the coming years. Another important challenge is the Russian legal framework for FDI, as it is still being developed. Russian legislation on FDI is based on several federal and local laws and regulations. Despite the constant evolution of FDI laws in Russia, some basic concepts shall not be changed in the near future.

For instance, there is no discrimination between foreign investors and local investors in Russia. Expropriation of foreign investment is prohibited by Russian legislation, except in cases of public interest. And, there are no specific legal restrictions on the repatriation of capital by foreign investors or remittance of profits abroad.

Restrictions and limitations to FDI in Russia are established by federal laws, in particular for strategic entities (42 sectors are considered of strategic importance). There are other restrictions to FDI based on the protection of the Russian constitutional system, the morality, the health and rights of individuals or to guarantee state security and defense.

Russian legislation makes a clear distinction between public and private foreign investor. For example, prior authorization is required – or in certain cases post-transaction approval – for foreign private investors carrying out transactions in a strategic entity.  Regardless if it is a strategic or non-strategic entity, prior government approval is required for public foreign investor carrying out transactions to acquire over 25 per cent of a Russian legal entity or to block decisions of the governing bodies of a Russian company. In addition, any foreign investment - public or private - of over 50 million rubles and ∕ or the acquisition of 50 per cent of a Russian entity require previous government approval. Foreign investments in the financial sector and in non-commercial organizations such as charities, scientific and religious associations are subject to specific legislation.
In brief, any transaction executed in breach of federal or local laws of the Russian Federation is deemed null and void. If the status quo is not possible to be obtained, the foreign investor will lose all voting rights related to the transaction deemed null and void. It is clear that Russia and its current legal framework still presents challenges for foreign investors but the country also shows great opportunities to invest.
 

Ligia Maura Costa. Partner at Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, full professor at FGV-EAESP. Author of the book: BRIC. Doing Business in BRIC Countries. Legal Aspects. (2012). v. 1, São Paulo: Quartier Latin.

 

 

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

WHAT FOREIGN INVESTORS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN BRAZIL?


 
In recent years, many foreign investors are attracted by the large Brazilian market and the economic growth of the country. Besides that, the fact that Brazil will host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics has also been an important decision making vector for investors. However, before investing in Brazil, it is important to get acquainted with some legal aspects related to foreign direct investments (FDI) in the country. It is true that all forms of FDI are welcome by the Brazilian Constitution, but especially FDI that represents a commitment to economic development. A number of limitations and restrictions to foreign capital for some specific sectors do apply as per the Brazilian Constitution, such as defense and air transport related matters, among others. Expropriation of domestic or foreign investment is prohibited by the Brazilian Constitution, except in exceptional cases such as public interest. Since 1995, Brazilian Constitution places no difference between domestic and foreign capital.

The main legal statute governing foreign investments in Brazil was enacted in 1962, more than forty years ago (Law n. 4,131, as amended by Law n. 4,390 of 1964, both regulated by Decree n. 55,762 of 1965). It is a positive point for investors the fact that the most important law on FDI in the country has been in force for so long time and has not suffered substantial changes during these last years.

Exchange control and foreign investment policies in Brazil are established by the National Monetary Council (Conselho Monetário Nacional), under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance. And, the supervision of the day-by-day control over foreign capital inflows and outflows is performed by the Brazilian Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil – BACEN).

No prior government authorization neither minimum investment approval nor local participation condition is required for FDI – apart for few exceptions such as financial institutions, insurance companies, and similar entities under the regulatory authority of BACEN. No government approval or consent is required for remittance of profits abroad, as long as the company does not have a negative net equity. No minimum period is imposed by Brazilian law to repatriation of foreign capital. As per Brazilian legislation, BACEN may limit or prohibit remittances of profits and capital repatriation in case of serious balance of payment difficulties. This exception, however, has never been applied by the country not even during the 1980s Brazilian moratorium.

The most common form of FDI in Brazil is in cash capital. Certain restrictions and a rigorous control apply to FDI in assets such as goods, machinery and equipment. FDI has to be registered with BACEN online electronic system called RDE-IED (Registro Declaratório Eletrônico de Investimentos Externos Diretos – Electronic Registration System for Cross-Border Financial Transactions) within 30 days of the date that the cash capital enters Brazil or within 90 days of customs clearance for assets capital contributions. Foreign capital registration is done in the same currency that has entered the country or in the currency of the residence of the investor for foreign capital in the form of assets.

The legal framework for FDI in Brazil is by far quite stable until now, especially if compared with the other three BRIC countries (Russia, India and China). It is a proof of legal certainty and assurance for investors. Besides, the electronic registration system of FDI, mainly cash capital, is easy, fast and efficient. Thus, the bureaucratic problems that investors and locals usually face when doing business in Brazil do no actually apply regarding FDI registration procedures. This is also a very positive point for investors. FDI in Brazil may play a leading role to improve industry diversification, generating employment and strengthening the economic local system in order to assist the country to be ready for the two major world events: the 2014’s World Cup and the 2016’s Olympic Games.
 

Ligia Maura Costa. Partner at Ligia Maura Costa, Advocacia, full professor at FGV-EAESP. Author of the book: BRIC. Doing Business in BRIC Countries. Legal Aspects. (2012). v. 1, São Paulo: Quartier Latin.
 

 

Thursday, August 30, 2012

NEGOCIAÇÕES DE PAZ COLÔMBIA E FARC

Jornal da Record News

Negociações de Paz Colômbia e FARC

Professora da FGV discute as negociações de paz entre a Colômbia e as FARC.

O eventual acordo entre Colômbia e as FARC levará a criação de outro Estado? Essas e outras implicações da negociação são debatidas por Ligia Maura Costa, professora de direito internacional da FGV-EAESP.

Link para a entrevista : http://noticias.r7.com/record-news/video/professora-da-fgv-discute-negociacoes-do-estado-colombiano-com-as-farc-503d72b5b61c64f8efef6376/

 Publicado em 28/08 às 23h53